| The Corporate Glass Ceiling |  | 
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 Case Details:
 
 Case Code : HROB019
 Case Length : 12 Pages
 Period : 1998 - 2001
 Pub Date : 2002
 Teaching Note : Available
 Organization : Varied
 Industry : Varied
 Countries : India, USA
 
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 << Previous The 'Glass Ceiling' Breaks Contd...
	
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With the above developments, some analysts and feminist groups were quick enough 
to announce that finally, women were breaking the highest of the 'glass 
ceilings' which had become an invisible barrier for many women making efforts to 
achieve top management positions in leading corporates across the world.
 Though 
there was a significant improvement in women's participation in the corporate 
world during the last few decades, not many women reached the 'O-Zone'6 level. 
The debate over the glass ceiling's existence had been continuing for many 
decades. Women had been raising voices against the 'glass ceiling' phenomenon.
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	However, the men in the corporate world denied the very existence of any 
	such phenomenon. Moreover, some women who had reached high positions did not 
	testify the existence of the glass ceiling. They felt that it only took some 
	extra effort, some compromises and support from the family, for women to 
	reach the top. 
	
		|  | The 'Glass Ceiling' Controversy
			According to the US Department of Labor, a 'glass ceiling' is "an 
			artificial barrier based on attitudinal or organizational bias that 
			prevents qualified women and other minorities7 from advancing upward 
			in their organization into senior management level positions.” The 
			concept of 'glass ceiling' surfaced in the US in the late 1970s. A 
			glass ceiling was not a barrier to an individual as such, but a 
			barrier to women and other minorities as a group. Initially, one of 
			the main reasons cited for the existence of a glass ceiling was that 
			women did not have the required experience and skills to reach the 
			top management. |  They were restricted to clerical and other support services 
jobs. The reason seemed to be true, as in the late 1970s and early 1980s, very 
few women had proper college education and fewer had management degrees. A 
survey conducted by the Wall Street Journal in 1986 revealed that the 
highest-ranking women in most industries were in non-operating areas such as 
personnel, public relations and finance. These functional specializations rarely 
led to top management positions... 
 
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